marca de escorvamento do arco
(arc strike)
Impression left on the work piece by the striking of the arc.

martelagem (s.f.)
(peening)
The mechanical working of metals by means of hammer blows. Peening tends to stretch the surface of the cold metal, thereby relieving contraction stresses.

máscara de soldadura manual
(hand shield)
A device used in arc welding to protect the face and neck. It is equipped with a glass filter and is designed to be held by hand.

metal de base
(base metal)
The metal (material) to be welded, brazed, soldered, or cut.

metal fundido da junta
(weld metal)
That portion of a weld that fused during welding.

passe de confirmação
(back pass)
A pass made to deposit a back weld.

passe de raiz
(root run)
The first run/pass/bead made in the root of a multipass process.

passe de soldadura
(weld pass)
A single progression of welding or surfacing along a joint or substrate. The result of a pass is a weld bead (cordão de soldadura), layer, or spray deposit.

penetração na junta
(joint penetration)
The depth a weld extends from its face into a joint, exclusive of reinforcement (sobreespessura).

penetração na raiz
(root penetration)
The depth that a weld extends into the joint root.

pingo de soldadura, pingagem dos bordos
(tack weld)
Weld made to hold parts of a weldment in proper alignment until the final welds are made.

poro (s.m.)
(gas pocket, gas cavity, blowhole)
Cavity type discontinuities (generally over 1.5 mm) formed by gas entrapment during solidification of molten metal.

poro esférico
(pore)
Cavity type discontinuities (generally under 1.5 mm) formed by gas entrapment during solidification of the molten metal.

porta-eléctrodo, alicate de soldadura
(electrode holder)
A device used to mechanically hold the electrode and conduct current to it.

posição ao baixo em juntas de topo ou posição com ângulo interior, em soldaduras de ângulo
(flat position)
The position used to weld from the upper side of the joint; the face of the weld is approximately horizontal.

posição ao tecto
(overhead position)
The position in which welding is performed from the underside of the joint.

posição vertical
(vertical position)
Welding position in which the weld axis is approximately vertical.

posicionador (s.m.), cércea de montagem
(jig)
A fixture or template used to accurately position and hold a part during welding or machining.

pré-aquecimento (s.m.)
(pre heating)
The application of heat to the base metal immediately before welding, brazing, soldering, thermal spraying or cutting.

precipitação de carbonetos
(carbide precipitation, weld decay)
A condition occurring in austenitic stainless steel (aço inoxidável austenítico) which contains carbon in a supersaturated solid solution. This condition is unstable. Agitation of the steel during welding causes the excess carbon in solution to precipitate.

procedimento de soldadura
(welding procedure)
Detailed instructions, which specifies in words and pictures the whole welding process for a certain production item. The AWS definition for a welding procedure is «the detailed methods and practices including all joint welding procedures involved in the production of a weldment». The joint welding procedure mentioned includes «the materials, detailed methods and practices employed in the welding of a particular joint» .

profundidade da fusão
(depth of fusion)
The distance that fusion extends into the base metal or previous pass from the surface melted during welding.

rechupe (s.m.)
(shrinkage cavity)
Cavity due to shrinkage of metal during solidification, while still plastic. Also microshrinkage (microchupado).

sobreespessura da soldadura
(reinforcement weld)
The weld metal built up above the surface of the two abutting sheets or plates in excess of that required for the size of the weld specified.

sobrespessura do cordão, convexidade
(convexity, excess weld metal, reinforcement)
The maximum distance from the face of a convex fillet weld perpendicular to a line joining the weld toes.

soldadura (s.f.)
(weld)
A localized coalescence of metals or non-metals produced either by heating the materials to welding temperature, with or without the application of pressure, or by the application of pressure alone, and with or without the use of filler material.

soldadura aluminotérmica
(thermit welding)
Welding process in which the filler metal is obtained from an exothermic reaction between a mixture of iron oxide and aluminum. The temperature resulting from this reaction is approximately 4530 °F (2500 °C). The superheated steel is contained in a crucible (cadinho) located immediately above the weld joint. The superheated steel runs into a mold (molde) which is built around the parts to be welded. Since it is almost twice as hot as the melting temperature of the base metal melting occurs at the edges of the joint and alloys with the molten steel from the crucible. Normal heat losses cause the mass of molten metal to solidify, coalescence occurs, and the weld is completed. The thermit welding process is applied only in the automatic mode. Once the reaction is started it goes to completion.

soldadura autogénea
(autogenous welding)
Method of uniting two pieces of metal by fusing their edges together without solder or welding metal, as by thermit welding (soldadura aluminotérmica).

soldadura automática
(automatic welding, machine welding)
Welding with equipment which performs the welding operation without manual adjustment by a welding operator, but under his constant supervision. The equipment may or may not perform the loading and unloading of the work.

soldadura capilar
(keyhole welding)
Welding in which the enlarged root opening is carried along ahead of the puddle when making an arc weld or other type of welded joint.

soldadura com eléctrodo armado
(wrapped electrode welding, impregnated-tape metal-arc welding)
An arc welding process in which fusion is produced by an electric arc between a metal electrode and the work. Shielding is obtained from decomposition of impregnated tape (armadura) wrapped around the electrode as it is fed into the arc. Pressure is not used, and filler metal is obtained from the electrode.

soldadura com passo peregrine
(backstep sequence welding)
A longitudinal sequence in which weld passes are made in the direction opposite to the progress of welding.

soldadura com penetração total
(penetration weld)
Weld which has penetrated through the whole depth of the work piece.

soldadura de ângulo, soldadura de corte
(fillet weld)
A weld of approximately triangular cross section, as used in a lap joint, joining two surfaces at approximately right angles to each other.

soldadura de estado sólido
(solid-state welding [SSW])
Group of welding processes which produce coalescence at temperatures essentially below the melting point of the base materials being joined without the addition of a brazing filler metal. Pressure may or may not be used. The oldest of all welding processes, forge welding (soldadura por forjagem), belongs to this group.

soldadura de selagem
(seal weld)
Threaded joint sealed, without thread compound, by backwelding.

soldadura de suporte, soldadura de confirmação
(back weld, backing weld, backing run)
Weld made on the backside of the joint.

soldadura em ângulo exterior
(backhand welding)
Moving the weld in the direction opposite that to which the electrode is pointing.

soldadura em bordos chanfrados
(groove weld)
A weld made in a groove made between the work pieces.

soldadura faiscante
(flash welding [FW])
A resistance welding process in which fusion is produced, simultaneously over the entire area of abutting surfaces, by the heat obtained from resistance to the flow of current between two surfaces and by the application of pressure after heating is substantially completed. Flashing is accompanied by expulsion of metal from the joint.

soldadura horizontal ao baixo
(horizontal position):
(a) soldadura de ângulo
(fillet weld)
The position in which welding is performed on the upper side of an approximately horizontal surface and against an approximately vertical surface.
(b) soldadura em bordos chanfrados
(groove weld)
The welding position in which the weld axis lies in an approximately horizontal plane and the weld face lies in a approximately vertical plane.

soldadura manual
(manual welding)
Welding operation performed and controlled completely by hand.

soldadura multipasse
(multipass welding)
Welding with deposition of multiple weld beads.

soldadura por arco com eléctrodo revestido
(shielded metal arc welding [SMAW], manual metal arc [MMA])
An arc welding process that produces coalescence of metals by heating them with an arc between a covered metal electrode and the workpieces. Shielding is obtained from decomposition of the electrode covering. Pressure is not used and filler metal is obtained from the electrode.

soldadura por arco com fio fluxado
(flux cored arc welding [FCAW])
An arc welding process that produces coalescence of metals by heating them with an arc between a continuous filler metal (consumable) electrode and the work piece. Shielding is provided by a flux contained within the tubular electrode. Additional shielding may or may not be obtained from an externally supplied gas or gas mixture.

soldadura por arco com protecção gasosa, com gás inerte ou activo
(gas metal arc welding [GMAW] / gas shielded arc welding [GSAW] / metal inert gas [MIG] / metal active gas [MAG])
An arc welding process that produces coalescence of metals by heating them with an arc between a continuous filler metal (consumable) electrode and the work. Shielding is obtained entirely from an externally supplied gas or gas mixture.

soldadura por arco semi-automática
(semiautomatic arc welding)
Arc welding with equipment that controls only the filler metal feed. The advance of the welding is manually controlled.

soldadura por arco submerso
(submerged arc welding [SAW])
Welding process, in which an arc is struck between the work piece and the end of a consumable electrode, both of which are covered by a layer of granular flux (hence ‘submerged’ arc) hiding the arc from view. Some of the flux melts to provide a protective slag cover over the weld pool and the remainder is collected for re-use.

soldadura por electrogás
(electrogas welding)
A development of electroslag welding and resembling it in terms of its design and use. Instead of slag, the electrode is melted by an arc which burns in a shielding gas, in the same way as in MIG/MAG welding.

soldadura por feixe de electrões
(electron beam welding [EBW])
A welding process in which heat is generated when a high velocity focused beam of electrons collides with the workpiece. The welding is normally carried out in a vacuum chamber.

soldadura por fricção linear
(friction stir welding [FSW])
A quite recent (1991) solid phase welding process, in which a cylindrical shouldered tool with a profiled pin is rotated and slowly plunged into the joining area between two pieces of sheet or plate material, which are butted together. The parts have to be clamped onto a backing bar in a manner that prevents the abutting joint faces from being forced apart. Frictional heat between the wear resistant welding tool and the workpieces causes the latter to soften without reaching the melting point, allowing the tool to traverse along the weld line. This process produces no arc, no fumes and no spatter.

soldadura por indução
(induction welding [IW])
A welding process in which the heat for welding is obtained from the resistance of the workpieces to the flow of an induced high frequency welding (IHFW) current or induced low frequency welding (ILFW) current, with the application of pressure. The effect of the high or low frequency welding current is to concentrate the welding heat at the desired location.

soldadura por plasma
(plasma arc welding [PAW])
A plasma is a state of matter obtained by heating a gas to temperature high enough to ionize most particles. As a result, plasmas are excellent conductors. Plasma arc welding is similar to GTAW (TIG), but uses a plasma to transfer an electric arc to a work piece. The metal to be welded is melted by the intense heat of the arc and fuses together. In the plasma welding torch a tungsten electrode is located within a copper nozzle (bocal de constrangimento em cobre) having a small opening at the tip. A pilot arc is initiated between the torch electrode and the nozzle tip. This arc is then transferred to the metal to be welded.

soldadura por pontos
(spot welding, resistance-spot welding [RSW])
The most widely known resistance welding process. In general, intended for sheet metal welding. The weld is limited to one or several spots and the two workpieces usually overlap. As a rule, electrode tips are used.

soldadura por projecção ou bossas
(projection welding [RPW])
Resistance welding process which produces coalescence of metals with the heat obtained from resistance to electrical current through the work parts held together under pressure by electrodes. The resulting welds are localized at predetermined points by projections (saliências), embossments (bossas) or intersections (intersecções).

soldadura por resistência
(resistance welding [RW])
In resistance welding, metals are joined without filler material by applying pressure and electric current to the area to be welded. The amount of heat depends on the electric resistance at the weld area. The name arose as a result of the importance of this factor in this process.

soldadura por resistência contínua
(seam welding, resistance-seam welding [RSEW])
Process widely used for impenetrable sheet metal seams. Seam welding is a continuous process using electrode wheels on overlapping workpieces.

soldaduras à posição, soldadura em posição
(out-of-position weld)
Weld made in the vertical, horizontal or overhead positions.

soldadura TIG
(gas tungsten arc welding [GTAW], tungsten inert gas [TIG])
An arc welding process that produces coalescence of metals by heating them with an arc between a tungsten (non-consumable) electrode and the work piece. Shielding is obtained from a gas or gas mixture. Pressure may or may not be used and filler metal may or may not be used.

Note 1: «wolfram inert gas» and WIG are seen on occasions, usually in documents in English but originating in non-English-speaking countries. The recommended form is «tungsten inert gas (TIG)» .

Note 2: The chemical symbol for tungsten is W, for wolfram, a Swedish word meaning «heavy stone» .

soldadura topo a topo burilada
(scarf weld, scarfing weld)
A joint made by overlapping, and welding together, the scarfed ends (extremidades buriladas ou rebarbadas) of two pieces.

soldobrasagem (s.f.)
(braze welding)
A method of welding using a filler metal that liquefies above 450 °C (840 °F) and below the solid state of the base metals. Unlike brazing, in braze welding, the filler metal is not distributed in the joint by capillary action.

tensão de arco
(arc voltage)
The voltage across the welding arc.

tensão em vazio
(open circuit voltage)
The voltage between the output terminals of the welding machine when no current is flowing in the welding circuit.

tocha (s.f.)
(torch)
Device used in the TIG or plasma cutting processes to control the placement of the electrode, transfer current and direct the flow of the shielding gas or plasma.

tocha de soldadura
(welding gun)
Designation typically referring to a MIG (GMAW) torch.

todas as posições
(all positions)
Suitability, typically of electrodes or a welding process, for use in all positions.

tomada (s.f.)
(tap)
One of several electrical contacts available on the controls of a resistance welding machine. Each tap delivers a different amperage to the electrodes.

tratamento térmico de relaxação de tensões
(stress relief heat treatment)
Uniform heating of a structure or a portion thereof to a sufficient temperature to relieve the major portion of the residual stresses, followed by uniform cooling.

tratamento térmico pós-soldadura
(post heating)
The application of heat to an assembly after welding, brazing, soldering, thermal spraying or cutting operation.

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